Michel, 1875 Publication data
 Title: Trichiasis and distichiasis; with an
improved method for radical treatment
Authors: Michel CE
Journal: St. Louis Clinical Record, 1875 Oct;
2:145-148
PMID: ---
This is the first published clinical report of permanent
hair removal with electrolysis.
Dr. Charles Michel, a St. Louis ophthalmologist,
devised electrolysis to treat ingrown eyelashes. He reports, "In
1869, I devised and had made a delicate electro-cautery, with
which I propose destroying the follicle and the hair papilla."
He used galvanic current with a gold needle. Galvanic
electrolysis performed today operates on the same principles and
with the same results, although machines now use modified current
from a wall outlet and have gauges to measure and regulate intensity.
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